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UNIT 10 SOURCES OF ENERGY
II. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box.
exhaust release alternate research relate
supply renew pollute harm finite
1. Coal, gas and oil are non-renewable forms of energy that can not be replaced after used.
2. The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation’s energy supplies.
3. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
4. Increased consumption will lead to faster exhaustion of our natural resources.
5. Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop alternative energy sources.
6. Oxygen from the water is released into the atmosphere.
7. Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time.
8. How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world.
9. These pesticides are environmentally harmful.
10. Water power provides energy without pollution.
III. Replace the relative clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.
1. He was the first man who left the burning building.
He was the first man to leave the burning building.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
The last person to leave the room must turn out the lights.
3. The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone to play with.
4. Here are some accounts that you must check.
Here are some accounts for you to check.
5. My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
My brother is the only one to realize the danger.
6. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.
7. We had a river in which we could swim.
We had a river to swim in.
8. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to send cards to.
9. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
10. The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
The fifth man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
11. I wish we had a garden that my children could play in.
I wish we had a garden for my children to play in.
12. I have some homework that I must do tonight.
I have some homework to do tonight.
13. Have you brought a book that Kevin can read?
Have you brought a book for Kevin to read?
14. She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.
She is the only woman to be appointed to the board.
15. The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it with.
IV. Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases. Use the participles.
1. Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
Only a few of the movie shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
2. The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors.
The couples living in the house next door are both college professors.
3. A knuckle is a point that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.
A knuckle is a point connecting a finger to the rest of the hand.
4. Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water.
Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap containing 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water.
5. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are’ laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
Only a small fraction of the eggs laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
6. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
7. None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who was slumped in the door way.
None of the pedestrians walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man slumped in the door way.
8. Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus.
Food passing from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube called the esophagus.
9. Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild.
Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wi1d.
10. The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.
The children attended a special movie program consisting of cartoons featuring Donal Duck and Mickey Mouse.
11. The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.
The Indians living in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.
12. I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
I was awakened by the sound of laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.
V. Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -ed or to-infinitive form of these verbs.
build drive educate elect flow travel introduce need
print say ten off give write win appear
1. The man driving the bus is my brother.
2. I went to a reunion for students educated in the physics department during the 1980s.
3. As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy being told off by his headmaster.
4. There is a sign on the gate saying ‘Entry forbidden’.
5. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here,
6. Across the river were some of the deer introduced into the park in the 19th century.
7. Rivers flowing into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago.
8. New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote.
9. The booklets being printed as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon,
10. Anyone needing further information can see me in my office.
11. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open.
12. Mary O’Brien, the Democrat elected to the council only last week, has resigned.
13. We live in a house built in 1906.
14. Any passengers traveling to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train.
15. Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks.
VI. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
1. We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain.
We visited Madrid, the capital of Spain.
2. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world’s oldest sciences.
Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the world’s oldest sciences.
3. Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
4. Arizona, which was once though to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.
Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.
5. Simon Bolivar, who was a great. South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
Simon Bolivar, a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
6. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
7. Nero, who was Emperor of Rome from AD 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
Nero, Emperor of Rome from A.D 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
8. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
9. My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.
My uncle Elias, a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.
10. Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.
Honolulu, best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.
VII. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. She refuse to answer, which was disappointing.
Her refusal to answer was disappointing.
2. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere.
Nowhere have I seen a more wonderful building.
3. It is disappointing that we haven’t heard from Molly.
We are disappointed not have heard from Molly.
4. ‘Well done, I’m so glad you’ve passed your exam.”
I congratulated her/ him on passing her/ his exam.
5. Somebody really ought to look into this problem further.
This problem really ought to be looked into further.
6. Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they?
The tickets haven’t been paid for, have they?
7. If I hadn’t examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake
Had I not examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake.
8. Tom arrived late and started complaining.
Not only did Tom arrive late, but he started complaining.
9. Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies.
Because of the danger of rabies, smuggling pets is a serious offense.
10. I wish I could play tennis really well.
I’d like to be able to play tennis really well.
KEY
UNIT 10 SOURCES OF ENERGY
VIII. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box.
exhaust release alternate research relate
supply renew pollute harm finite
11. Coal, gas and oil are non-renewable forms of energy that can not be replaced after used.
12. The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation’s energy supplies.
13. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
14. Increased consumption will lead to faster exhaustion of our natural resources.
15. Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop alternative energy sources.
16. Oxygen from the water is released into the atmosphere.
17. Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time.
18. How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world.
19. These pesticides are environmentally harmful.
20. Water power provides energy without pollution.
IX. Replace the relative clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.
16. He was the first man who left the burning building.
He was the first man to leave the burning building.
17. The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
The last person to leave the room must turn out the lights.
18. The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone to play with.
19. Here are some accounts that you must check.
Here are some accounts for you to check.
20. My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
My brother is the only one to realize the danger.
21. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.
22. We had a river in which we could swim.
We had a river to swim in.
23. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to send cards to.
24. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
25. The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
The fifth man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
26. I wish we had a garden that my children could play in.
I wish we had a garden for my children to play in.
27. I have some homework that I must do tonight.
I have some homework to do tonight.
28. Have you brought a book that Kevin can read?
Have you brought a book for Kevin to read?
29. She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.
She is the only woman to be appointed to the board.
30. The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it with.
X. Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases. Use the participles.
13. Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
Only a few of the movie shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
14. The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors.
The couples living in the house next door are both college professors.
15. A knuckle is a point that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.
A knuckle is a point connecting a finger to the rest of the hand.
16. Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water.
Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap containing 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water.
17. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are’ laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
Only a small fraction of the eggs laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
18. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
19. None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who was slumped in the door way.
None of the pedestrians walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man slumped in the door way.
20. Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus.
Food passing from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube called the esophagus.
21. Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild.
Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wi1d.
22. The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.
The children attended a special movie program consisting of cartoons featuring Donal Duck and Mickey Mouse.
23. The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.
The Indians living in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.
24. I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
I was awakened by the sound of laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.
XI. Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -ed or to-infinitive form of these verbs.
build drive educate elect flow travel introduce need
print say ten off give write win appear
16. The man driving the bus is my brother.
17. I went to a reunion for students educated in the physics department during the 1980s.
18. As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy being told off by his headmaster.
19. There is a sign on the gate saying ‘Entry forbidden’.
20. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here,
21. Across the river were some of the deer introduced into the park in the 19th century.
22. Rivers flowing into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago.
23. New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote.
24. The booklets being printed as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon,
25. Anyone needing further information can see me in my office.
26. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open.
27. Mary O’Brien, the Democrat elected to the council only last week, has resigned.
28. We live in a house built in 1906.
29. Any passengers traveling to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train.
30. Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks.
XII. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
11. We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain.
We visited Madrid, the capital of Spain.
12. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world’s oldest sciences.
Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the world’s oldest sciences.
13. Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
14. Arizona, which was once though to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.
Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.
15. Simon Bolivar, who was a great. South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
Simon Bolivar, a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
16. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
17. Nero, who was Emperor of Rome from AD 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
Nero, Emperor of Rome from A.D 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
18. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
19. My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.
My uncle Elias, a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.
20. Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.
Honolulu, best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.
XIII. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
11. She refuse to answer, which was disappointing.
Her refusal to answer was disappointing.
12. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere.
Nowhere have I seen a more wonderful building.
13. It is disappointing that we haven’t heard from Molly.
We are disappointed not have heard from Molly.
14. ‘Well done, I’m so glad you’ve passed your exam.”
I congratulated her/ him on passing her/ his exam.
15. Somebody really ought to look into this problem further.
This problem really ought to be looked into further.
16. Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they?
The tickets haven’t been paid for, have they?
17. If I hadn’t examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake
Had I not examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake.
18. Tom arrived late and started complaining.
Not only did Tom arrive late, but he started complaining.
19. Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies.
Because of the danger of rabies, smuggling pets is a serious offense.
20. I wish I could play tennis really well.
I’d like to be able to play tennis really well.
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